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伤寒病人发热时要采取什么护理措施?

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伤寒发热是由于伤寒杆菌释放产生的强烈的内毒素所致,伤寒病人表现为稽留热,过多的发热使机体消耗过大,容易产生体内功能紊乱,因此需采取积极的降温护理措施。

(1)准备1支体温表,每2小时测量、记录一次。测量的部位以腋下为主,测量前应擦净腋下汗液,并将水银甩至35℃以下,否则影响体温的准确性。

(2)体温上升时病人会感到全身发冷,此时应注意保暖,不能进行降温处理,否则体温会继续升高,如全身开始发热,应适当减去衣服,如有出汗,应及时擦干、更衣,防止受凉。

(3)避免使用药物降温,防止出汗过多引起虚脱,采取物理降温方法。如体温大于39℃以上,可用36-37℃温水或30-50%酒精擦浴,使皮肤血管扩张,增加皮肤血流量,借温水或酒精的挥发作用使体热迅速蒸发而起到降温作用。注意避风,防止受凉,胸前区、腹部、后颈、足心处禁止擦拭,以免因冷的刺激引起反射性心跳减慢,腹泻等不良反应。也可头部冷毛巾湿敷。

(4)鼓励并协助病人少量多次饮水,进流质饮食,以便散发体温,排除毒素。

(5)做好口腔护理,每日用0.5%呋喃西林溶液洗口2次,餐后用清水漱口。