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怎样护理肺心病并肺结核的病人?

发布时间:2009-10-15 来源:原创文章 作者:本站编辑 " ["prev"]=> object(app\common\model\Article)#4 (34) { ["autoWriteTimestamp":protected]=> bool(true) ["insert":protected]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(7) "site_id" } ["connection":protected]=> array(0) { } ["parent":protected]=> NULL ["query":protected]=> NULL ["name":protected]=> string(7) "Article" ["table":protected]=> NULL ["class":protected]=> string(24) "app\common\model\Article" ["error":protected]=> NULL ["validate":protected]=> NULL ["pk":protected]=> NULL ["field":protected]=> array(0) { } ["except":protected]=> array(0) { } ["disuse":protected]=> array(0) { } ["readonly":protected]=> array(0) { } ["visible":protected]=> array(0) { } ["hidden":protected]=> array(0) { } ["append":protected]=> array(0) { } ["data":protected]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(1075) ["site_id"]=> int(1) ["type_id"]=> int(42) ["title"]=> string(39) "怎样护理自发性气胸的病人?" ["subtitle"]=> string(0) "" ["shorttitle"]=> string(0) "" ["color"]=> string(0) "" ["img"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(39) "https://www.whsjytyy.com/view/1075.html" ["seo_title"]=> string(0) "" ["seo_keyword"]=> string(0) "" ["seo_description"]=> string(0) "" ["txt"]=> NULL ["summary"]=> string(0) "" ["tag"]=> string(0) "" ["user_id"]=> int(1) ["user_type"]=> int(0) ["author"]=> string(0) "" ["source"]=> string(0) "" ["flag"]=> string(0) "" ["views"]=> int(4955) ["status"]=> int(99) ["pubdate"]=> int(1256260614) ["create_time"]=> int(1507857480) ["update_time"]=> int(1507857480) ["delete_time"]=> NULL ["rank"]=> string(6) "981.00" ["slug"]=> NULL ["desc"]=> string(318) " 自发性气胸是结核病科常见急症之一,是由于肺组织表面及脏层胸膜自发破裂,空气进入胸膜腔所致。在用力提取重物、屏气、剧烈咳嗽、打喷嚏或大笑时可诱发气胸。   典型症状为突然胸部刺痛,随深呼吸及咳嗽而加重;呼吸" } ["origin":protected]=> array(28) { ["id"]=> int(1075) ["site_id"]=> int(1) ["type_id"]=> int(42) ["title"]=> string(39) "怎样护理自发性气胸的病人?" 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肺心病多在寒冷季节发作,因冷刺激病人出现咳嗽咳痰,有时可伴有呼吸道感染,所以避免受凉十分重要。
  病人应保持情绪稳定。同时注意个人卫生,不随地吐痰,将痰吐在痰缸内,防止发生交叉感染。痰稠时给予雾化吸入,尽量将痰排出,保持气道通畅,防止发生窒息。
  胸闷、心悸,气促时应卧床休息,减少活动量。心衰者,应绝对卧床休息。口唇、指(趾)端有青紫者应低流量持续吸氧。
  浮肿先从远端肢体开始出现,如出现浮肿应进低盐或无盐饮食,并观察尿量,尿少者应及时告知医生。同是输液速度不宜过快,防止发生肺水肿。
  注意观察生命体征(体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压)及神志变化。如病人出现嗜睡,反应迟钝,神志恍惚等,应及时通知医生。
  由于病人长期卧床,局部皮肤血液循环较差,应经常用热水泡足,局部按摩,防止皮肤损伤。同时应多吃含蛋白质丰富的食物,如牛奶、鸡蛋、肉类等,保证充足的营养,增强抗病能力。服用抗结核药物时应注意胃肠道反应及听力,如出现听力下降,耳鸣及恶心呕吐应及时告知医生,以便调整治疗方案。