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如何对流行性乙型脑炎后遗症病人进行康复训练?

发布时间:2010-11-17 来源:原创文章 作者:本站编辑 " ["prev"]=> object(app\common\model\Article)#4 (34) { ["autoWriteTimestamp":protected]=> bool(true) ["insert":protected]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(7) "site_id" } ["connection":protected]=> array(0) { } ["parent":protected]=> NULL ["query":protected]=> NULL ["name":protected]=> string(7) "Article" ["table":protected]=> NULL ["class":protected]=> string(24) "app\common\model\Article" ["error":protected]=> NULL ["validate":protected]=> NULL ["pk":protected]=> NULL ["field":protected]=> array(0) { } ["except":protected]=> array(0) { } ["disuse":protected]=> array(0) { } ["readonly":protected]=> array(0) { } ["visible":protected]=> array(0) { } ["hidden":protected]=> array(0) { } ["append":protected]=> array(0) { } ["data":protected]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(1157) ["site_id"]=> int(1) ["type_id"]=> int(42) ["title"]=> string(30) "肺结核病家庭护理要点" ["subtitle"]=> string(0) "" ["shorttitle"]=> string(0) "" ["color"]=> string(0) "" ["img"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> 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由于流行性乙型脑炎的病变主要是损害脑实质细胞,造成脑实质神经细胞的坏死,病愈后有不同程度的后遗症,因此对流行性乙型脑炎后遗症病人应进行康复训练。
  (1)咀嚼、吞咽功能的训练。对不会咀嚼和不会吞噬的病人,先暂时用胃管喂食,食品应为液体或糊状,不能有块状物,以免堵塞胃管。食物的温度要适宜,以滴在手背上不感觉到烫为宜。向胃管内灌注食品时,注意不能将空气灌入,灌注的食品为牛奶、菜汤、少油的鸡汤、排骨汤,同时,刺激病人吞噬和咀嚼,只要吞咽咀嚼开始恢复,应拔掉胃管,改口腔进食,开始进容易吞、咀嚼的半流质食物,如蛋羹、烂面条、稀饭、菜泥等软食,边喂边按摩刺激下颌关节,刺激病人以口腔咀嚼和吞咽,尽量做到少吃多餐,保证营养的供应。
  (2)智力、听力、语言功能训练。让病人听音乐、听广播、看电视,教病人说话、认字、数数、看简单的书画,与病人玩扑克、下棋、练字、画画,反复刺激,促进听力、语言、智力的恢复。
  (3)瘫痪肢体的功能训练。采用揉、按、抓、敲的方法按摩病人患肢的肌肉、肌腱、关节,然后一手扶住或托起肢体近端,另一手扶住肢体远端,进行正常范围内的屈曲、放松活动,活动顺序是先上肢后下肢,先大关节后小关节,每天2次。当瘫痪肢体有所恢复时,鼓励病人自己锻炼,方法是以健康的肢体带瘫痪肢体进行随意自动运动,如抬腿曲膝、屈伸肘关节等动作,协助病人扶床下地行走,直至病人能独立行走。
  以上功能训练要持之以恒,不要半途而废,注意保护病人安全。